By purpose
Pressure-sensitive and force-sensitive sensors, position sensors, liquid level sensors, energy consumption sensors, speed sensors, acceleration sensors, ray radiation sensors, thermal sensors.
by principle
Vibration sensor, humidity sensor, magnetic sensor, gas sensor, vacuum sensor, biological sensor, etc.
By output signal
Analog sensor: Convert the measured non-electrical quantity into an analog electrical signal.
Digital sensor: Convert the measured non-electrical quantity into a digital output signal (including direct and indirect conversion).
Pseudo-digital sensor: convert the measured signal quantity into frequency signal or short-period signal output (including direct or indirect conversion).
Switch sensor: When a measured signal reaches a certain threshold, the sensor outputs a set low-level or high-level signal accordingly.
According to its manufacturing process
Sensor (Figure 3)
Sensor (Figure 3)
Integrated sensors are fabricated using standard process technologies for the production of silicon-based semiconductor integrated circuits. Usually part of the circuit for preliminary processing of the signal under test is also integrated on the same chip.
The thin film sensor is formed by depositing a thin film of the corresponding sensitive material on the dielectric substrate (substrate). When using a hybrid process, parts of the circuit can also be fabricated on this substrate.
The thick film sensor is made by coating the slurry of the corresponding material on the ceramic substrate, which is usually made of Al2O3, and then heat-treated to form the thick film.
Ceramic sensors are produced using the standard ceramic process or one of its variants (sol, gel, etc.).
After appropriate preparatory operations, the formed element is sintered at high temperature. There are many common characteristics between the two processes, thick-film and ceramic sensors, and in some respects, the thick-film process can be considered a variation of the ceramic process.
Each process technology has its own advantages and disadvantages. Due to the low capital investment required for research, development and production, as well as the high stability of the sensor parameters, the use of ceramic and thick film sensors is reasonable.
By measurement
Physical sensors are made by using the properties of certain physical properties of the measured substances to change significantly.
Chemical sensors are made of sensitive elements that can convert chemical quantities such as the composition and concentration of chemical substances into electrical quantities.
Bio-sensors are sensors that use the properties of various organisms or biological substances to detect and identify chemical components in organisms.
according to its composition
Basic sensor: It is the most basic single conversion device.
Combined sensor: It is a sensor composed of a combination of different single conversion devices.
Application sensor: It is a sensor composed of a basic sensor or a combined sensor and other mechanisms.
By action form
According to the form of action, it can be divided into active and passive sensors.
Active sensor has action type and reaction type. This kind of sensor can send a certain detection signal to the measured object, can detect the change of the detection signal in the measured object, or generate some kind of detection signal in the measured object. effect to form a signal. The mode of detecting the change of the detection signal is called the action type, and the mode of detecting the response and forming the signal is called the reaction type. Radar and radio frequency range detectors are active examples, while photoacoustic effect analyzers and laser analyzers are reactive examples.
Passive sensors only receive the signal generated by the measured object itself, such as infrared radiation thermometers, infrared cameras and so on.
